![]() Beck and Coffey reported that 25–33% of people involved in a car collision associated with injuries and related evaluation in a hospital experience subsequent fear of driving. Thus, the amaxophobia often develops as a reaction to a particularly traumatic vehicular collision. The most common cause of a fear of driving is traffic accidents. ![]() There are three major categories of driving phobia, distinguished by their onset. Correlations of PTSD scores to scores on measures of driving anxiety are significant and range from. The PTSD symptoms, e.g., in the forms of flashbacks such as intrusive images of a bleeding person injured in the same car accident, may also contribute to amaxophobia. The amaxophobia tends to be perpetuated by persistent pain caused by the car accident, and by pain related insomnia, and also by persistent post-conconcussion and whiplash symptoms caused by the accident. ![]() The majority of survivors of serious car accidents tend to experience only the phobia of driving, but they often report generalized anxiety as a part of their post-traumatic adjustment disorder. Some patients who present with phobia of driving also describe features consistent with various other anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social phobia. The phantom brake syndrome is particularly common in survivors of serious car accidents. It is the passenger's partly involuntary or unintended pressing the foot on the floor of the car in a reflexive attempt "to brake." This unintended behavior usually occurs in skilled drivers when they are seated as a passenger next to a less competent person who drives the vehicle as a reflexive response to potentially dangerous traffic situations. Ī noteworthy part of post-accident symptomatology is the phantom brake syndrome. Patients who developed their amaxophobia after a serious traffic accident frequently develop the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that may involve experiencing intrusive thoughts or anxious dreams of the original accident and/or other typical PTSD symptoms. On a behavioral level, the avoidance of driving tends to perpetuate the phobia. On the cognitive level, the patient may experience a loss of sense of reality, or thoughts of losing control while driving, even in situations that are reasonably safe. For example, the physical symptoms might involve increased perspiration or tachycardia (pathologically accelerated heart rate), or hyperventilation. The fear of driving is associated with various physical and subjective emotional symptoms that somewhat vary from individual to individual. Driving anxiety can range from a mild cautious concern to a phobia. The fear of driving may be triggered by specific driving situations, such as expressway driving or dense traffic. It is an intense, persistent fear of participating in car traffic (or in other vehicular transportation) that affects a person's lifestyle, including aspects such as an inability to participate in certain jobs due to the pathological avoidance of driving. Driving phobia, driving anxiety, vehophobia, or driving-related fear (DRF) is a pathological fear of driving.
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